Determinism is a philosophical standpoint that suggests that all events are inevitable in the universe and that every event that transpires in the materialistic world is pre-determined, hence, it is entirely out of anyone's control.

The United Nations is the largest intergovernmental organization in the world with 192 countries as its members. It was formed after World War II to promote peace, foster globalization, enhance harmony, among many others.

Awards given in recognition of the work of an artist(e) often have certain rules and standards which the organizers consider before concluding on the recipient/winners of such prize. E.g. For awards like the Future Generation Art Prize and the Commonwealth Short Story Prize, there's a panel of judges/jury who review submissions and pick winners based on which work meets up with certain criteria; while for awards like the Grammys, a voting process is initiated amongst music specialists who are members of the recording academy, and the nomination with the highest votes wins.

In simple economic terms, a flat tax is a system that applies a single tax rate to all levels of income while a progressive tax applies different (increasing) tax rates depending on income i.e. the tax burden increases with income.